Dietary glutamate failed to decrease the IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in the testis and epididymis compared with the BD group, but it significantly upregulated TGF-β1 in the testis and both TGF-β1 and IL-10 in epididymis compared with the BD group (P < 0.05). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Behcet disease.