TGFB1 and posterior cortical atrophy: At the cellular level, we found that ERRα directly stimulates both osteoclasts and osteoblasts, as well as factors in PCa cells thought to stimulate osteoclasts and osteoblasts, i.e., VEGF-A [33] [39]; WNT5A [37, 40, 41] and TGFb1 [1, 6, 42] (Figure 8, pathways 1 and 2).