This phenotype has been described in T84 and INT-407 IECs, in which EAEC infection activates both NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways resulting in IL-8 production (Harrington et al., 2005; Khan et al., 2010), considering this pro-inflammatory response as an essential role in the EAEC-induced pathology. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is infection.