Interestingly, inhibition of TNF-α secretion induced at 4 h by the different pathotypes due to the blockage of ERK1/2 pathway was less efficient mainly during infection by S. flexneri (32%), ETEC (33%), EIEC, and EAEC (43%) but efficiently inhibited during the infection by EHEC (61%) and EPEC (100%). The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is infection.