Importantly, we found that miR-7 deficiency could significantly attenuate the pathologies of ALI, evidenced by accelerated body weight recovery, reduced infiltration of BAL cells and altered level of related cytokines, which was closely correlated to upregulation of KLF4, a target of miR-7, and altered transduction of related signaling pathway, including NF-κB, AKT, and ERK pathway. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.