A reduction in C9orf72 expression also promoted TDP-43 aggregation, and synergizes with Ataxin-2 intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions (polyQ), a known genetic risk of ALS (Bonini and Gitler, 2011; Wang et al., 2014), in promoting neuronal death. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.