PPM1F and neoplasm: As shown in Figure 1F, PPM1F mRNA expression was greater in tumor tissues from active smokers (n=7) than in those from non-smokers (n=28) (bar 6 vs. bar 4; 12.8-fold vs. 6.3-fold, difference = 6.5-fold, 95% CI = 2.5 to 10.5-fold, *p = 0.01).