Although the limited number of patients did not allow the investigators to establish clear correlation between CTA-specific immune responses and clinical outcomes in that study, other studies with the same NY-ESO-1 recombinant protein vaccine enrolling patients with Stage IV esophageal, Stage D3 PC, or Stage IV melanoma detected both antibody, CD4 an CD8 T cell responses against the vaccine protein, which associated with beneficial clinical effects such as tumor regression or stable disease for a prolonged time in six of seven evaluable patients. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.