Indeed, in addition to C9orf72, TBK1 and optineurin many other genes implicated in the autophagy/lysosomal pathway have been associated with ALS/FTD, including Alsin (a Rab5 GEF), charged multivesicular body protein-2B (CHMP2B), p62/sequestosome-1, progranulin, ubiquilin-2, valosin-containing protein (VCP), Fig4, and TMEM106b (Fig. 4). Here, TBK1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.