MTOR and tuberous sclerosis: Deficiencies at the network level have also been observed in other neurodevelopmental disorders, including in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), which is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the mTOR negative regulators TSC1 or TSC2. In Tsc1 KO neuronal cultures, network hyperexcitability was attributed to a primary imbalance in excitation and inhibition due to reduced inhibition onto pyramidal neurons, but not to alterations in homeostatic excitatory synaptic plasticity33.