FADD and neoplasm: After treatment with engineered VNP strains, the tumor doubling time was prolonged from 1.82 d (CI, 1.71 d to 1.93 d) in the PBS control group, 2.40 d (CI, 2.25 d to 2.59 d) (CI: Confidence Interval) in VNP group, or 2.10 d (CI, 1.98 d to 2.24 d) in VNP-pN group to 2.70 d (CI, 2.55 d to 2.88 d) in VNP-pN-FADD and 2.95 d (CI, 2.79 d to 3.15 d) in VNP-pN-N-FADD (Fig. 5E).