Upon NIR-induced photothermal ablation of primary tumours injected with PLGA-ICG-R837, the released tumour-associated antigens in combination with R837-loaded nanoparticle adjuvant would show vaccine-like functions, generating strong immunological responses which with the help of anti-CTLA4 checkpoint-blockade therapy to inhibit the activities of immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) could attack distant tumour cells remaining in the mouse body. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and neoplasm.