MTOR and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Based on this model, one can envision how we might be able to outsmart cancer before resistance to targeted agents occur through agents simultaneously inhibiting parallel pathways or sequential nodes, which could explain the therapeutic benefits of administering lenvatinib (a VEGF and FGF inhibitor) plus everolimus (an mTOR inhibitor) [17] and cabozantinib (a VEGF and c-MET inhibitor) [18] in ccRCC patients who have failed frontline anti-VEGF therapies and the combination of bevacizumab (an anti-VEGF-A antibody) and everolimus in non-clear cell RCC with papillary features [19].