Furthermore, real-time RT-PCR analyses comparing MM patient (SMM, ND, REL, REF; N=23)-derived MSC cultured in 3D versus 2D models confirmed significantly upregulated MMP13, SPP1, ADAMTS4, and MGP with a slight increase of RUNX2 and FGFR1 expression; in contrast, expression of CALM1 was significantly decreased (Figure 4D), consistent with activation of osteogenesis in the 3D MSC model. This evidence concerns the gene FGFR1 and Miyoshi myopathy.