In melanoma, Brahmer et al. (2012) [6] reported a response rate of 17% in patients receiving anti-PD-L1, whereas the percentage of responders for anti-PD-1 was around 19–44%, slightly higher than in non-small cell lung cancer, 16–30% [19, 20, 21]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.