The use of METH is highly prevalent among individuals infected with HIV-1, especially men who have sex with men.38 Previous studies have shown that use of METH exacerbates HIV-1 infection, accelerates the onset of HAND and causes resistance to ART treatment.39 Several recent studies have shown synergistic induction of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress by METH and HIV-1 gp120 that leads to CNS injury.23, 24, 40 However, the role of autophagy in METH- and gp120-induced neurotoxicity remains poorly understood. The gene discussed is ITIH4; the disease is HIV-1 infection.