ZNF32 and neoplasm: A monolayer of cells poorly reflects the complexity of the in vivo environment,41, 42 whereas 3D-cultured tumor spheres exhibit low nutrition, low glucose, low pH and hypoxia, conditions that might induce drug resistance.43, 44 Compared with those of 2D cultures, the culture conditions of 3D spheres provide cells with a unique spatial distribution of nutrients and oxygen that better imitates the in vivo conditions.41, 42, 43, 44 We mixed cells with Matrigel to build a 3D model and then performed a 3D colony-forming assay to confirm that ZNF32 overexpression confers drug resistance.