Although the overall survival of these patients is improved compared with that obtained with the best supportive care,4 the therapeutic plateau has been reached, with a response rate of approximately 20% and a median survival of 8–10 months.5 On the basis of the results of studies on the mechanism underlying the carcinogenesis and progression of NSCLC, EGFR became one of the landmark targets of NSCLC therapy. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.