Low level elevations of gut derived endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) have been shown to play an important role in obesity [35], similarly to the consequential production of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis α (TNFα)) [36], resulting from LPS-induced TLR4 activation. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.