BDNF and Brain atrophy: To support these previous studies, the present study demonstrated that oral treatment with the herbal formula B401 may alleviate brain atrophy of 8-month 3× Tg-AD mice via enhancing brain BDNF expressions (Figure 4(b)) and improve subcutaneous microcirculation of 8-month 3× Tg-AD mice via enhancing brain VEGF expressions (Figure 5(b)).