TNF and Sepsis: Additional studies by Ortiz et al. showed MSC-conditioned media inhibits the capacity of RAW- 264.7 cells activated by silica or LPS to secrete TNFα [19], and Nemeth et al. investigated the effect of mouse BM-derived MSCs in a murine model of septicemia and showed LPS-stimulated macrophages produced more IL-10 when co-cultured with BM-derived MSCs [20].