Recently, Besse et al. carried out a phase II clinical trial testing the clinical benefit of IFN (interferon)-γ-Dex (dendritic cell-derived exosomes) loaded with MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I- and class II-restricted cancer antigens as maintenance immunotherapy after induction chemotherapy in patients bearing inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without tumor progression. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-C and non-small cell lung carcinoma.