Four of the six genes, Turandot A (TotA), TotC, TotM, and TotX, are part of the eight-member Tot family of secreted peptides that are induced by a variety of stresses, including bacterial infection, and are activated by the Imd, JAK-STAT, and Mekk1 pathways (Ekengren and Hultmark 2001; Brun et al. 2006; Chakrabarti et al. 2016). Here, MAP3K1 is linked to bacterial infectious disease.