In this review, we briefly summarize the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the targets of BBR in the treatment of NAFLD, and focus on the potential mechanisms of BBR in the treatment of NAFLD under the categories of insulin resistance, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, mitochondrion dysfunction, serum cholesterol-lowering effect, gut microenvironment, and other mechanisms. This evidence concerns the gene PRKAB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.