Early HIV infection is characterized by a dramatic depletion of CD4+ T cells and impaired polarization of Th17 cells in the gastrointestinal tract and a massive expansion of activated CD8+ T cells causing CD8+ T cell-mediated enteropathy (2–4), which is also characterized by microbial overgrowth and translocation of microbial products, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, from the gut into the systemic circulation (5). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and HIV infectious disease.