We previously reported that Factor B supplementation did not reduce the risk of oesophageal or gastric cardia cancer in this study, although a reduced risk for OSCC incidence was suggested for results from both the trial period (RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.74–1.01)15 as well as the 15.25-year combined trial plus post-trial period (HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.84–1.02)16. Here, PPIB is linked to gastric cardia carcinoma.