Regarding inflammatory aspects of dental pulp beneath deep dental caries, previous studies reported that colocalization of macrophages with mature dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells was observed in deep dental caries [37], and CD68, which is strongly expressed by the macrophages, was positive in the inflamed pulp tissue, but the number of the macrophages present in the normal pulp tissue was very small [38]. The gene discussed is CD68; the disease is dental caries.