Similarly, in this study, when HOMA-B was used as a measure of β-cell function, we demonstrated that there was significant reduction (by ~70%) in newly diagnosed T2DM but not in pre-DM stage when analyses were not adjusted for insulin sensitivity, even in the fact that we calculated the HOMA index by using specific insulin to improve the methodological performance [30]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.