When mice were infected with E. coli, the expression of pS6K was also increased in monocytes of WT mice (WT + E. coli), indicating that E. coli infection activates mTORC1 pathway in monocytes and mTORC1-activated monocytes in bacterial infection can be simulated partly by TSC1 KO mice (Figure 1(c)). Here, TSC1 is linked to bacterial infectious disease.