MDM4 and colonic neoplasm: Additionally, MDM4 is reported to be highly expressed in a significant percentage of human cancers, including 65% of retinoblastomas, 80% of adult pre-B lymphoblastic leukemia, 39% of head and neck squamous carcinomas, 19% of colon cancers, 19% of breast cancers, and 18% of lung cancers [17–20].