CA9 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Enzymes, especially rate-limiting enzymes, determine the direction, strength, and speed of metabolic pathways; correlation analysis showed increased levels of glycolytic enzymes in SENP1 high-expression tumors, including PGK1, PFK1, ENO1, ALDOA, CA9, LDHA and HK2. Furthermore, SENP1 knockdown in RCC4/VHL cells noticeably reduced levels of key glycolytic enzymes under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, providing evidence for SENP1 upregulation of glycolysis in ccRCC.