These mutations affect transcription factors such as RUNX1 and BCOR, epigenetic modulators such as TET2, DNMT3A, IDH1/2, ASXL1 and EZH2, tumor suppressor genes such as TP53, several components of the RNA-splicing machinery such as SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1, and ZRSR2, genes involved in DNA replication such as SETBP1, and genes of the cohesin complex such as STAG2, RAD21, SMC1A, and SMC3. The list of genes carrying mutations involved in the pathogenesis of MDS is still growing [18,23–25]. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and myelodysplastic syndrome.