CCL2 and neoplasm: These oxLDLs are shown to stimulate ROS production, receptor activation, induce signal transduction, cytotoxicity/apoptosis and inflammatory mediators (IL-8, prostanoids, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1] etc) to affect the activities of vascular cells such as endothelial cells, mononuclear cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to dysfunction and diseases (atherosclerosis, thrombosis, tumor metastasis, diabetes etc.)formation.