Whilst these latter cre-transgenic driven models exhibit high penetrance of retinoblastoma development, the latency is still relatively long (e.g. 100 ± 42.3 days in the Chx10-Cre; Rb1Lox/Lox; Rbl1−/−; p53−/− model), which has an impact on pre-clinical drug screening efforts13, 22. This evidence concerns the gene VSX2 and retinoblastoma.