VEGFA and neoplasm: However, Schreiber et al. 3reported that tumor cells could reduce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration by secreting immunosuppressive cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β), IL-10 and by consuming IL-2, a cytokine that is critical for maintaining CTL function.