To investigate the association between tumor expression of IL-1 pathway ligands and receptors (i.e. IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL1R1, IL1R2, and IL1RAP) and HNSCC patient survival, we performed Kaplan-Meier survival analyses using gene expression datasets of tumors from HNSCC patients in the TCGA data portal (Figure 8A–8H). This evidence concerns the gene IL1RN and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.