Despite the observed effects of IL-1 blockade on cytokine expression (Figure 4A, 4B), there was no change in significant reduction in cell viability in vitro after treatment of both ER-cell lines with anakinra alone or in combination with erlotinib compared to control (Figure 4C) suggesting that IL-1 blockade has no effect on erlotinib resistance in HNSCC cell in vitro. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.