To investigate the association between tumor expression of IL-1 pathway ligands and receptors (i.e. IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL1R1, IL1R2, and IL1RAP) and HNSCC patient survival, we performed Kaplan-Meier survival analyses using gene expression datasets of tumors from HNSCC patients in the TCGA data portal (Figure 8A–8H). Here, IL1B is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.