The study has limitation as the characterization the recrudescence vs. re-infection is based on only two population marker gene (msp1 and msp2) and not all the three marker genes (msp, msp2 and Pfglurp). All three cases of treatment failure were from Bastar, a highly malarious district bordering Odisha state, which contributes the highest number of malaria cases and malarial deaths in the country [2]. The gene discussed is ATAD1; the disease is infection.