The metabolism of fructose by hepatocytes leads to specific activation of JNK and is strongly associated with hepatic insulin resistance as well as induction of de novo lipogenesis increasing intracellular lipid content.5, 6 The consumption of fructose has increased dramatically over the past decades and is being linked to the development of insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.7, 8. Here, MAPK8 is linked to Insulin resistance.