VCP and viral infectious disease: Because of its important role in tumorigenesis and viral infection,40 DDX3 represents a potent novel therapeutic target.21 On the other hand, defects in p97/VCP/Cdc48 activity have been linked to several human pathologies.37, 53 Accordingly, a comprehensive understanding of how DDX3 monitors mitochondrial quality control would possibly inform the prevention and treatment not only of parasitic but also of other human diseases.