Because of its important role in tumorigenesis and viral infection,40 DDX3 represents a potent novel therapeutic target.21 On the other hand, defects in p97/VCP/Cdc48 activity have been linked to several human pathologies.37, 53 Accordingly, a comprehensive understanding of how DDX3 monitors mitochondrial quality control would possibly inform the prevention and treatment not only of parasitic but also of other human diseases. The gene discussed is DDX3X; the disease is viral infectious disease.