The anti-angiogenic epitopes chosen for this study included: β-turn-derived peptides from somatostatin (SST-0122 and SST-0223), which target the somatostatin receptor specific to neuroendocrine tumors; a pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)24, 25, 26, which specifically targets the PEDF receptor for anti-inflammatory skin disorders and suppresses VEGF endothelial proliferation; and, an anti-VEGF-derived peptide from phage display (polyR), which specifically inhibits the interaction of VEGF with the kinase domain receptor (KDR, VEGF-R2)27, 28, 29. Here, VEGFA is linked to inflammatory skin disease.