TRAF6 and myelodysplastic syndrome: In patients with the deletion 5q (del (5q)) subtype of MDS, for example, loss of two micro-RNAs, miR-145 and miR-146a, which normally inhibit the TLR signaling intermediates TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP that associates with MyD88 and assists in the formation of the Myddosome) and TRAF6, leads to inappropriate activation of TLR signaling (14).