Cherfils-Vicini et al. (83) demonstrated expression of TLR7 and TLR8 in human primary lung cancer sections and lung tumor cell lines and showed that stimulation of these cell lines in culture with TLR7 and TLR8 agonists led to activation of NF-κB, as well as increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, enhanced survival, and chemoresistance. This evidence concerns the gene TLR8 and lung carcinoma.