In patients with the deletion 5q (del (5q)) subtype of MDS, for example, loss of two micro-RNAs, miR-145 and miR-146a, which normally inhibit the TLR signaling intermediates TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP that associates with MyD88 and assists in the formation of the Myddosome) and TRAF6, leads to inappropriate activation of TLR signaling (14). This evidence concerns the gene MYD88 and myelodysplastic syndrome.