TLR4 and neoplasm: In a study of Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an incurable B-cell malignancy, Wang and colleagues found that the levels of TLR4 expression were significantly higher on primary MCL cells than normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or B cells, and activation of TLR4 by LPS promotes tumor growth and enables MCL cells to evade the immune system via secretion of IL-6, IL-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (74).