Along with IGF-I, IGF-II is a peptide belonging to the IGF family that in addition to the two ligands, also comprise six high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), IGFBP-proteases, together with the IGF-I and IR receptors and a non-signaling IGF-IIR, that acts to clear excess IGF-II: components of this system are often dysregulated in a number of different cancers, including that of the prostate (7). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is cancer.