NFKB1 and breast carcinoma: The purified triterpene glycoside actein (β-D-xylopyranoside, Fig. 1A) from black cohosh was shown to be selective for human breast cancer cells8, 13 and able to synergize at low concentrations with different classes of chemotherapy agents to inhibit cancer cell growth14, 15, as well as induced calcium release and modulated the NF-κB and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) pathways16.