AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Individually, serological markers in each HCC patients dramatically varied, but PIVKA-II level in 11 out of 36 patients elevated above cut-off values at all time points prior to diagnosis, contrast with 7 out of 36 for AFP (see Fig. 2, Supplemental Content, which illustrates individual serum level of AFP and PIVKA-II in each HCC patients at validation stage).