Melnik (2012) surmised that excessive intake of leucine from meat (often red meat) leads to hyper activation of mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1), a nutrient-sensitive kinase. mTORC1 when activated, leads to insulin resistance in the long term. While in the short term it will increase insulin production, prolonged supplement of leucine will cause pancreatic β-cells hyperfunction leading to their early senescence and apoptosis (Figure 1). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.