Alterations in LCN2 expression are demonstrated in numerous models of hepatic pathogenesis conditions such as acute and chronic liver injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, bacterial infections, hepatitis C-induced fibrosis, liver failure, obesity, NAFLD, NASH, AFLD, HCC, and rejection after liver transplantarion (cf. Table 3). The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.