CCN3 and bipolar disorder: We then assessed the expression of three immune-related genes (Ccl2, Cxcl1 and Il33) whose activity is thought to be regulated by Nov/Ccn3 (Le Dreau et al., 2010, Perbal, 2006), and that have previously been implicated in PP (Ccl2) or bipolar disorder (Il33) pathogenesis (Barbosa et al., 2014, Bergink et al., 2013).