In T1D, a small safety study was conducted in which relatively high doses of aldesleukin (4.5 × 106 IU, three times per week for 1 mo) were combined with rapamycin, resulting in a transient loss of endogenous insulin production (as measured by C-peptide) in participants that was reversed on withdrawal of the therapy [34]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.