TGFB1 and hydrops fetalis: Furthermore, fibrosis marker (collagen type 1α1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B) mRNA expression levels were also greater in mice fed the 0.1% and 0.2% methionine in HFCD diets than in those fed the control and HF diets (Fig 2D).