Two hypotheses have been proposed for the inconsistency between human and animal studies: (i) there are inter-species variations in the bioavailability and/or dose of TORC1 inhibitors required to suppress kidney cyst growth in vivo [11]; (ii) TORC1 inhibitor efficacy is critically dependent on the duration as well as the timing of commencing treatment in relation to kidney enlargement [8]. Here, CRTC1 is linked to Kidney Cyst.