IKKβ is highly selective towards its physiological substrates, the IκB protein inhibitors of NF-κB. Phosphorylation by IKKβ targets IκBα for proteasomal degradation, which liberates NF-κB for translocation into the nucleus, where it promotes the expression of numerous target genes whose products induce insulin resistance. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and Insulin resistance.