Since accumulating evidences have reported that a variety of cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) participate in the pathogenesis of IBD [29–32], we investigated whether these proinflammatory cytokines participated in the upregulation of PLD2 expression. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and inflammatory bowel disease.